- Interpreting Skills for Idioms
  - Importance of Idioms
    - Vivid and colloquial expressions
    - Reflect cultural, historical, and social backgrounds
    - Contain unique stories and philosophies
  - Challenges in Interpreting Idioms
    - Hard to understand surface meaning
    - Difficult to interpret implied meaning
  - Definition of Idioms
    - Group of words with distinct meaning
    - Structurally fixed and semantically complex
    - Includes set phrases, proverbs, maxims, allegorical sayings
  - Methods for Interpreting Idioms
    - Borrowing
      - Direct use of equivalent idioms
      - Examples: "Yijian Shuangdiao" → "To kill two birds with one stone"
    - Literal Translation or Preservation
      - Word-for-word translation retaining imagery
      - Examples: "Shumu Cunguang" → "As short-sighted as mice"
    - Paraphrasing or Free Translation
      - Necessary for culturally specific idioms
      - Examples: "Bu guan san qi er shi yi" → "Regardless of the consequences"
    - Literal Translation Combined with Paraphrasing
      - Used for idioms with historical or cultural depth
      - Examples: "Sha ji gei hou kan" → "To punish somebody as a warning to others"
  - Application of Methods
    - Interpretation of Hard Words
      - "Bu wang chu xin" → "Never forget why you started"
      - "Di li fen jin" → "Sheer endeavor"
      - "Da kuo" → "To cheer for someone"
    - Practice with Speech by President Xi
      - Idioms Identified
        - "Bai wen bu ru yi jian" → "Seeing is believing"
        - "Bu yao ren kuah yan se hao, zhi liu qing qi man qian kun" → "Not angling for compliments; content with integrity"
      - Techniques Applied
        - Literal translation and paraphrasing
  - Assignment
    - Analyze Christmas message by Queen Elizabeth II (2015)
    - Focus on fluency, meaning, and note-taking during interpretation