- Note-taking in academic lectures
  - Situations requiring note-taking
    - International conferences
    - Academic lectures
    - Work-related seminars and group discussions
    - Classroom learning
  - Importance of note-taking
    - Concentration on speaker’s topic
    - Capturing permanent information from transient sources
  - Four P's procedure for effective note-taking
    - Plan
      - Research the lecture topic online
      - Check terminology related to the subject
    - Prepare
      - Arrive early to secure a good seat
      - Bring necessary tools (notebooks, pens, laptops)
    - Predict
      - Listen carefully to the lecture introduction
      - Identify organizational structures (e.g., advantages/disadvantages, timeline, flowchart, spidergram)
      - Choose appropriate note diagrams based on structure
    - Produce
      - Focus on signpost language used by the speaker
        - Phrases indicating sequence (e.g., "to start with," "after that")
        - Phrases defining new ideas (e.g., "in other words")
        - Phrases summarizing main points (e.g., "finally," "to summarize")
      - Write notes according to speaker’s points
      - Use notes to produce summaries or responses
  - Practical exercises
    - Matching diagrams to lecture structures
    - Identifying signpost phrases in sample lectures
    - Homework: Apply the four P's to an upcoming presentation on decision-making